Explaination & Definition of Poetry

Group 1 : Poetry

Ayu Triana 2113001               Daisi Bora 2113007

Deni Oktariza 2130                Indri kristia 21130

My opinion about poetry

Poetry is Poetry is an expression of the heart is expressed through feelings
who lived and inspired by someone

Usually, when someone says poetry in it has a sense of
feelings of pleasure, love, sad, despondent, and others.
in the sense according to what he saw or what he felt.

Poetry is also not disclosed to the normal word or casual basis in reality or fact but also verbalized supposition.
And poetry can also be expressed or written by anyone, not just the highly imaginative people alone.
Basically for good poetry, you should use the word figuratively or supposition.



From Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas.
id.wikipedia.org/wiki/puisi


Poetry (from ancient Greek: ποιέω / ποιῶ (poieÇ / Poio) = I create) is written art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities for additional, or in addition to its semantic meaning.The emphasis on the aesthetic aspect of a language and the intentional use of repetition, meter and rhyme is what distinguishes poetry from prose. But this difference is debatable. The views of the laity usually distinguish poetry and prose of the number of letters and words in these works. Poetry is more succinct, while the more flowing prose like to express the story. Some modern scholars have no approach to define poetry as a kind of literature but as the embodiment of the human imagination, which is the source of all creativity. Besides poetry is also an outpouring of someone's heart to bring others into the state of his heart.
The rows of the poem can be any shape (circular, zigzag, etc.). That is one way to show pemikirannnya authors. Poetry sometimes also contain only one word / syllable that continues to be repeated. For the reader it is possible to make the poem becomes incomprehensible. But the author always has a reason for everything 'oddities' are created. Nothing restricts the author wishes to create a poem. There are some differences between the old and new poetry poetryHowever, some cases of cyber modern poetry or poetry lately more concerned if judging from the principal and the rules of the poem itself is 'compaction word'. Most active poet now a newcomer or not more concerned with style and not on the subject of the poem.In the poem is also commonly inserted figure of speech that makes it more beautiful poem. The figure of speech also bemacam, one of which is sarcasm is a direct allusion to the rough.


 Things to read poetry :
Factors to consider in reading the poem as follows:

•  The precision of expression / expression

Expression is a statement of the result of a feeling of inspiration poems. Expression is the face of water motion.

•  Kinesik namely the motion of the body. 
•  clarity of articulation

Articulation is the accuracy in pronouncing words.

•  Timbre is the color of the voice (default) has. 
•  Dynamic means hard soft, high and low sounds. 
• Intonation or sound track

In a poem, there are three types of intonation are as follows:

    1.  Dynamic pressure is the pressure on the words that are considered important.
    2.  Pressure is high pressure low tone voice. For example, high voice describe cheerfulness, anger, amazement, and so on. Low voice expressing sadness, resignation, doubt, despair and so on.
    3.  Pressure slow tempo is fast pronunciation of syllables or words.


Elements of poetry :
Elements of poetry include the physical structure and the inner structure of the poem.

The physical structure of the poemThe physical structure of the poem consists of:

• Appearance of poetry (typography), which is a form of poetry as a page that is not filled with words, right-left edge, setting the row, until the lines of poetry that does not always begin with a capital letter and ends with a dot. These things determine the meaning of the poem.
• Diction, the choice of words made by the poet in his poetry. Because poetry is a form of literature that a few words can express many things, the words should be chosen carefully as possible. The selection of the words in the poem is closely related to the meaning, harmony sound, and word order.
• The image, which is the word or phrase that can express sensory experiences, such as vision, hearing, and feeling. The image can be divided into three, namely the image of sound (auditory), visual images (visual), and image touch or touch (tactile images). The image can result as if the reader will see, happened to hear, and feel like what happened to the poet.
• Concrete words, ie words that can be captured by the senses that allow the emergence of images. These words relate to the figurative or symbol. For example, concrete words "snow: ice symbolizes love, the emptiness of life, etc., While the concrete word" swamp "can symbolize a dirty place, a place of life, earth, life, etc.
•  Style language, namely the use of language that can turn on / boost effect and cause certain connotations. Figurative language of poetry into a prismatic cause, meaning that emit a lot of meaning or rich in meaning. Style language also called figure of speech. Adapaun wide-amcam figure of speech among others metaphor, simile, personification, litotes, irony, sinekdoke, euphemism, repetition, anaphora, redundancy, antithesis, allusion, climax, anticlimax, satire, pars pro toto, totem pro parte, to the paradox.
•  Rima / Rhythm is rhyme in poetry, both at the beginning, middle, and end of a line of poetry. Rima include:
     1. Onomatopoeia (imitation of the sound, eg / ng / which gives a magical effect on poetry Sutadji CB),
     2. Internal shape pattern of sounds (alliteration, assonance, the final equation, the initial equation, intermittent rhyme, rhyme beaked, full rhyme, repetition of sounds [word], and so on
     3. The repetition of the word / phrase. Ritma a low height, long-short, loud sound weak. Rima is very prominent in the poetry readings. 

 The inner structure of the poemThe inner structure of the poem consists of:

• Themes / meaning (sense); poetry is the language media. Level language is a sign of the relationship with the meaning, the poem must be meaningful, well-meaning every word, line, bait, as well as the overall meaning.

• Rasa (feeling), the attitude of the poet to the subject matter contained in the poem. Disclosure theme and flavor is closely related to social and psychological background of the poet, for example, educational background, religion, gender, social class, position in society, age, sociological and psychological experience, and knowledge. The depth and accuracy of disclosure themes in addressing an issue does not depend on the ability penyairmemilih words, rhyme, style, and form of poetry alone, but more dependent on the insight, knowledge, experience, and personality is formed by sociological and psychological background.
• Tone (tone), the attitude of the poet to his readers. The tone is also related to the theme and flavor. The poet can convey the theme of the patronizing tone, dictate, in collaboration with the reader to solve the problem, just leave the matter to the reader, with a tone of arrogant, ignorant and low assume the reader, etc. 
• Mandate / purpose / intention (intention); that is the message to be conveyed to the reader poet. 

Types of poetry

According to his time, distinguished poetry poetry poetry old and new.
 
Poetry old
Old poetry is poetry that is bound by the rules. Rules that include:

• The number of words in one line
• The number of rows in the first stanza
• Rhyme (rhyme)
• Many syllables per line
• rhythm

 Characteristic old poem:
     1. An unknown folk poetry author's name.
     2. Delivered through word of mouth, so an oral literature.
     3. So bound by rules such as the number of lines per stanza, the number of syllables and rhyme.

 Types of old poetry

•  Charms are utterances that are considered to have supernatural powers.

example:

     Assalammu'alaikum daughter big satulung
     Which heave berilir simayang
     Let small, here
     I wore hair
     I brought tapping ivory
     Will wash your face

•  Rhyme is characterized by rhyming abab poem, each couplet 4 rows, each row consisting of 8-12 syllables, 2 lines early as sampiran, 2 next row as the content. The division consists of a poem by poem contents children, youth, religious / advice, puzzles, witty.

example:

     If there is a broken needle
     Do not put in the crate
     If anyone I said that wrong
     Do not put in the liver

•  Karmina is like a lightning rhyme rhyme but short.

example:

     Formerly machete now iron (a)
     Formerly unfortunately now hate (a)

•  Seloka is rhyme hooked.

example:

     Straight road to Payakumbuh,
     Teak leaded road
     Where the heart is not violent,
     Mother father walking dead

•  Couplets are each stanza poem Stand 2 lines, rhyming AAAA, contains advice.

example:

     Less think less finesse (a)
     Of course you will get lost (a)
     Whoever leave prayer (b)
     No home like a poster (b)
     If the husband not to be straight (c)
     The wife was later to become thin (c)

•  Poetry is poetry that comes from the Arabic with the characteristics of each stanza 4 lines, rhyming AAAA, containing advice or stories.

example:

     Once upon a time (a)
     Tersebutlah a story (a)
     A country that is safe through (a)
     Led wise king nan (a)

•  Talibun is fulfilled each stanza poem consisting of 6, 8, or 10 lines.

example:

     When children go to weekend
     Yu buy mullet was purchased sampiran
     Long fish purchased in advance

     When children go running
     Mrs. find relatives were searching the contents
     Landlady looking first

New poetryThe new form of poetry is less restrictive than the old poetry both in terms of number of lines, syllables, and rhyme.The characteristics of New Poetry:

• The shape is neat, symmetrical;
• Poetry has the final (regular);
• Many use rhymes and poems rhyme pattern although there are other patterns;
• Most poems four strand;
• Each row on a gatra (unity syntax)
• Each gatranya consists of two words (mostly): 4-5 syllables.

 Types of new poetry According to its content, a poem divided into:

•     Ballad is a poem containing the story / stories. Ballad of this type consist of 3 (three) stanzas, each with eight (8) lines with a rhyme scheme ababbccb. Then turn into ababbcbc rhyme scheme. Last lines in the first verse is used as a chorus in the next verses. Example: Poems by Sapardi Djoko Damono titled "Ballad of Death A Rebel".

•     Hymn is poetry idol to God, homeland, or hero. Characteristics are hymns in honor of a god, God, a hero, homeland, or alma mater (guides in World Literature). Today, the notion hymns be growing. Hymn interpreted as sung poetry, contains praise for something that is respected (teachers, heroes, gods, God) who breathed divinity. Example:
  
      Even the stones are hard and mute
      Glorify thy name in its own way
      Writhing pain on curves and twists
      incision treacherous and lie down.
      With wisdom has always pleased me thy statues
      shed the blood of the hands and feet
      from the crown of thorns and spikes land on moon
      Which dikarati by human sin.
      No injuries were wide open
      the world lost a source of love
      Great are those who are in sorrow
      know thy crucified in the liver under the Framework.
      (Saini S.K)

• Ode is a poem praise for those who contributed. The tone and style is very formal (metrumnya tight), pitched graceful, discussing something noble, is flattering good against certain private or public events.
  
  example:
  
       generation Now
       At the top of the mountain top fantasy
       I stood up, and from there
       Looked down, into a fight
       The current generation of long-term
  
       Create new splendor
       Pantun beauty of Indonesia
       Which so keepsake
       At times in the world
       (Asmara Hadi)

•   Epigram is a poem that contains guidance / teaching life. Comes from the Greek epigram epigramma which means the element of teaching; didactic; advice leads to the truth to be used as guidelines, ikhtibar; there is exemplary.
  
  example:
  
       Today there was no place to stand
       Attitude means slow death
       Who moves, they are in front
       Who waited for a moment though certainly crushed.
       (Iqbal)

•  The romance is a poem that contains the overflow of feeling love. Derived from the French Romantique which means beauty feeling; issue of affection, longing revenge, and affection.

•  Elegy is a poem that contains lamentation / sadness. Contains poem or song expressing sorrow or grief for grief or longing, especially since the death / departure of a person.
  Example:
  
      Dusk in Small Ports
     
     This time no one looking for love
     in the barn, old house, in the story
      mast and rigging. Ships, boats no berlaut
      waft in mempercaya want interlock
  
      Drizzle accelerate the dark. There is also an eagle lapel
      offensive grim, swish day run swim
      menemu persuasion Akanan base. Not moving
      and now lost sleep soil and water waves.
      Nothing more. I myself. To Walk
      combing the peninsula, still stuffy please
      once arrived at the end and all bye
      of the fourth beach, sobbing could efflux terdekap 

              (Anwar)

•   Satire is a poem that contains satire / critique. Derived from the Latin word meaning Satura satire; something sharp criticism of the phenomenon; not satisfied one group (upward leader pretend, rasuah, despotic, etc.).

Example:

    I ask
    but my questions
    poets forehead hit the salon,
    who spoke of the wine and the moon,
    while injustice occurs
    beside,
    and eight million child without education,
    perplexed dl foot goddess art.
    (WS Rendra)

 While various new poems seen from the shape, among others:

•  Distikon, is a poem in which each stanza consists of two lines (poetry two strand).

Example:

    Over and over we fail
    Repeat again and find reasonable
    Many times we fall
    Back stands do not complain
    (Or. Mandank)

• Terzina, each stanza poem consists of three lines (poetry three strand).

Example:

    In ribaan happy to come
    Smiling like a golden
    Fragrant like sandalwood
    In bah'gia love arrives drift
    Shining like the sun
    Coloring like cider
    (Sanusi Pane)

• Quatrains, each stanza poem consisting of four lines (poetry four strand).

Example:

    Upcoming-come nevertheless
    Memories of the past
    Disappearing appears nevertheless
    Formerly sinau glare
    Nevertheless such a looming
    Adi kanda long ago
    Make careful nevertheless
    Withered-melancholy longing lipu
    (A.M. Daeng Myala)

• Quint, is a poem in which each stanza consists of five lines (five poems strand).

    Just To Mr.
    One-on-one feeling
    Only I can say
    To host
    Ever tasted
    One-on-one anxiety
    I submit
    I can only profiled
    To host
    Diresah ever restless
    The one reality
    Which can be felt
    I can only state
    To host
    Are reluctant to accept
    (Or. Mandank)

•   Sektet, is a poem in which each stanza consists of six lines (poetry six strand).

Example:

    Longing Bagia
    If hari'lah midnight
    The wind stops of breathing
    Soul of my soul flavor sink
    In the sea is not terwatas
    Sliced ​​hearts cry sad
    (Ipih)

•   Septime, is a poem in which each stanza consists of seven lines (seven strand).

Example:

    Indonesia spill my blood
    Sitting on the beach scenic land
    Place crumbled wave
    Frothy white sand terderai
    Appeared island in the sea of ​​green
    Apparently good of the mountains
    Ditimpah precious water seems
    Fatherland Indonesian name
    (Muhammad Yamin)

•  Octave / Stanza, is a poem in which each stanza consists of eight rows (double kutrain or poetry eight strand).

Example:

    Cloud
    Clouds come floating slowly
    Feeling dreaming, seemed chestnut
    Grow old, forgotten in the self
    Increasingly subtle finally series
    And the shape is lost
    In a brilliant blue sky
    So my soul vanished now
    In unwavering calm life
    (Sanusi Pane)

• Sonnet, is a poem consisting of fourteen lines are divided into two, the first two stanzas of four lines each, and two second stanza of three lines each. Sonnet is derived from the word sonneto (Italian) changes the meaning of the word sono sound. So sonnet is a poem aloud. In Indonesia, the sonnet in from the Netherlands introduced by Muhammad Yamin and Rustam Effendi, that's why they berdualah considered as "Pioneers / Mr Sonnet Indonesia". The form of the sonnet Indonesia no longer subject to the terms of the Italian or English sonnet, but rather have the freedom in terms of content and rhyme. Which becomes the handle is the number of rows (fourteen lines).

Example:

    Shepherd
    Feelings of whom ta 'the flame (a)
    Seeing children sang berelagu (b)
    A course in the middle of the desert (b)
    No shirt open head (a)
    Thus the fate of the shepherd boy (a)
    Wooden shelter under shady (b)
    Since the morning to leave the cage (b)
    Returning home at dusk (a)
    Far little sesayup to (a)
    Sounds to me sounds flute (a)
    Intone nan pretty scenic nature (a)
    O shepherd in green ocean (c)
    Listening to indulge puputmu buffalo (c)
    Maulah I indulge thee (c)
    (Muhammad Yamin)


Contemporary poetryContemporary word generally significantly present in accordance with the times or always adjust to the development of the state of the times. Moreover, contemporary poetry can be interpreted as a poem which was born in the last period. Contemporary poetry tried to run away from the conventional bond poem itself. Contemporary poetry often use words that less attention to polite language, using words that increasingly coarse, ridicule, and others. The use of words or symbols symbolic intuition, style, rhythm, and so considered not so important anymore.

Figures of contemporary poetry in Indonesia today, are as follows:
    Sutardji Calzoum Bahri with three collection of poems O, Rage, and O Rage ax
    Ibrahim Sattah with a collection of poems Hai Ti
    Hamid Jabbar with a collection of poems Face WeContemporary poetry can be divided into three, namely

• Poetry spell is poetry that takes the properties of the spell. Sutardji Calzoum Bahri was the first to introduce the poem spells in contemporary poetry. The characteristics of the mantra is:

    1. Mantra is not something that is presented to understand but something that served to cause a certain result
   2.  Mantra serves as a liaison man with the world of mystery
   3. Mantra prioritizes the effect or result of such efficacy and efficacy lies in the command.

 Example:

    Shang Hai

    ping pong over
    ping pong over
    ping pong ping says
    pong ping pong says

    want pong? says ping
    would want to say pong
    want to ping? said pong
    would want to say ping

    yes yes ping pong
    yes yes ping pong
    yes no yes no ping pong
    yes no yes no ping pong
    knife loud masturbate your distance
    (Sutardji Calzoum Bahri in O Rage Axe, 1981)

• Mbeling Poetry is a form of poetry that does not follow the rules. Rules poem mean that the general provisions applicable in poetry. This poem first appeared in the magazine Aktuil that provide special sheets to accommodate the rhyme, and the guardians are Remy Jones, the sheet named "Poetry mbeling". The words in the poem does not need to be selected mbeling-select again. Basic poetry mbeling is playful. The characteristics of poetry mbeling are:
  
      1. Prioritize elements banter; authors make use of all the elements in the form of sound poetry, rhyme, rhythm, choice of words and typography to achieve the effect of a joke with no other intention hidden (implied).Example:
  
      Sajak Toothbrush
  
      Someone forgot to brush her teeth before going to bed
      In the sleep he dreamed
      There toothbrush rubbed his mouth so open
  
      When he woke up the morning of
      Brush teeth stay slice
      The missing piece that seems
      Getting lost in a dream and could not return
      And he found, the incident is too excessive
      (Yudhishthira Ardi Nugraha in the poem Toothbrush, 1974).

 2. Delivering social criticism, especially on the economic and administrative systems.
 3.  Delivering a mockery to the poets who act sincerely towards poetry. In this case, Taufik Ismail calls mbeling with poetry poetry poetry criticism.

• Concrete poetry is poetry that is prepared with emphasis on graphic shapes in the form of grammar face to resemble a certain image. Poetry like this are not fully using the language as a medium. In the concrete poetry in general are symbols are realized by objects and / or images as an expression of the poet expression.

Example:

    Rats doktorandus I

    dozen toga
    me
    nga
    nga
    hundred rats berkampus
    on
    lecturer snared
    professor poisoned
    cat
    mate
    and bunting
    with predicate
    very satisfactory
    (F.Rahardi in Soempah WTS, 1983)



Preparation of contemporary poetry as poetry Unconventional it also needs to pay attention to some of the following elements:

• Sound elements; includes placement rhyme (rhyme) in certain places to turn impression combined with repetition or repetition-repetition.
• Typography; include the preparation of lines of poetry contains words or syllables which are prepared in accordance with the image (pattern) specific.
• Enjambemen; include beheading or transfer lines to the poem to the next line.
• Joke (parody); include the addition of a light entertainment element to complement the presentation of poetry concentrated and contemplative (contemplative)